Are carbonate barrier islands mobile? Insights from a mid to late-Holocene system,Al Ruwais,northern Qatar     

John Rivers  Max Engel  Robert Dalrymple  Ruqaiya Yousif  Christian J. Strohmenger  Ismail Al-Shaikh 《Sedimentology》2020,67(1):534-558

Barrier islands are important landforms in many coastal systems around the globe. Studies of modern barrier island systems are mostly limited to those of siliciclastic realms, where the islands are recognized as mobile features that form on transgressive coastlines and migrate landward as sea-level rises. Barrier islands of the ‘Great Pearl Bank’ along the United Arab Emirates coast are the best-known carbonate examples. These Holocene islands, however, are interpreted to be anchored by older deposits and immobile. The mid-Holocene to late-Holocene depositional system at Al Ruwais, northern Qatar, provides an example of a mobile carbonate barrier island system, perhaps more similar to siliciclastic equivalents. Sedimentological and petrographic analyses, as well as ¹⁴C-dating of shells and biogenic remains from vibracored sediments and surface deposits, show that after 7000 years ago a barrier system with a narrow back-barrier lagoon formed along what is now an exposed coastal zone, while, contemporaneously, a laterally-extensive coral reef was forming immediately offshore. After 1400 years ago the barrier system was forced to step ca 3 km seaward in response to a sea-level fall of less than 2 m, where it re-established itself directly on the mid-Holocene reef. Since that time, the barrier has retreated landward as much as 1000 m to its current position, exposing previously-deposited back-barrier lagoonal sediment at the open-coast shoreline. In modern neritic warm-water carbonate settings mobile barrier island systems are rare. Their construction and migration may be inhibited by reef formation, early cementation, and the relative inefficiency of sourcing beach sediments from open carbonate shelves. Carbonate barrier island systems likely formed more commonly during geological periods when ramps and unrimmed shelves predominated and in calcite seas, when meteoric cementation was minimized as a result of initial calcitic allochem mineralogy. As with their siliciclastic analogues, however, recognition of the influence of these transient landforms in the rock record is challenging.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of plio-quaternary intra-plate continental alkaline lavas from the İskenderun Gulf (Southern Turkey): Evidence for metasomatized lithospheric mantle     

Aykut Güçtekin 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2018,78(4):521-534

The Quaternary alkaline volcanic field of Southern Turkey is characterized by intra-continental plate-type magmatic products, exposed to the north of the ?skenderun Gulf along a NE-SW trending East Anatolian Fault, to the west of its intersection with the N–S trending Dead Sea Fault zone. The ?skenderun Gulf alkaline rocks are mostly silica-undersaturated with normative nepheline and olivine and are mostly classified as basanites and alkaline basalts with their low-silica contents ranging between 43 and 48?wt.% SiO₂. They display Ocean Island Basalt (OIB)–type trace element patterns characterized by enrichments in large-ion-lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth element (LREE), and have (La/Yb)_N?=?8.8–17.7 and (Hf/Sm)_N?=?0.9–1.6 similar to those of basaltic rocks found in intraplate suites. The basanitic rocks have limited variations Sr-Nd isotopic ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr?=?0.70307–0.70324, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd?=?0.512918–0.521947), whereas the alkali basalts display more evolved Sr-Nd isotopic ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr?=?0.70346-0.70365, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd?=?0.512887–0.521896). The ?skenderun Gulf alkaline rocks also display limited Pb isotopic variations with ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb?=?18.75–19.09 ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb?=?15.61–15.66 and²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb?=?38.65–39.02, indicating that they originated from an enriched lithospheric mantle source. Calculated fractionation vectors indicate that clinopyroxene and olivine are the main fractionating mineral phases. Similarly, based on Sr-Nd isotopic ratios, the assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) modeling shows that the alkali basalts were affected by AFC processes (r?=?0.2) and were slightly contaminated by the upper crustal material.The high TiO₂ contents, enrichments in Ba and Nb, and depletions in Rb can likely be explained by the existence of amphibole in the mantle source, which might, in turn, indicate that the source mantle has been affected by metasomatic processes. The modeling based on relative abundances of trace elements suggests involvement of amphibole-bearing peridotite as the source material. ?skenderun Gulf alkaline rocks can thus be interpreted as the products of variable extent of mixing between melts from both amphibole-bearing peridotite and dry peridotite.  相似文献   

山东青州王坟地区1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿方向          下载免费PDF全文

董美川  武斌  杜振明  刘继勇  李保卫  夏影 《山东国土资源》2022,38(9)

鲁西近年来陆续发现了多处金及多金属矿床,如沂南铜井、金场,平邑归来庄、磨坊沟,沂源金星头,临朐铁寨等,但对上述地区以外的找矿工作还相对薄弱。王坟地区作为临朐铁寨金银多金属矿区外围地区,具有相似的成矿地质条件。本次研究通过在王坟地区开展的1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作,对其相关成矿元素进行聚类分析、因子分析等地质统计学分析。结果表明,区内Pb、Ag异常规模大,峰值高,富集特征及浓集中心明显,相关元素套合较好。通过地化剖面及探槽工程等手段进行异常查证,所取样品中Pb、Ag等低温热液元素分析结果与异常特征套合较好,本区内沿断裂带找寻Pb、Ag等低温热液元素矿床或矿化体潜力较大。  相似文献   

新疆西南天山地区水系沉积物测量地球化学特征及找矿方向          下载免费PDF全文

韩庆彬 《山东国土资源》2022,38(12)

新疆西南天山地区隶属于塔里木板块北缘,该区是我国重要的铜、铅、锌、镍等成矿带。为查明区内主要成矿元素地球化学分布和浓集特征、确定找矿靶区,对西南天山一带进行1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学测量。通过采集分析8347件化学样品的17种元素,结合研究区成矿地质条件共圈定出33处异常。并对HS26、HS18综合异常进行了异常查证,新发现了3处铜、铅锌多金属矿化点。圈定了3处找矿远景区,即阿克塔什Pb、Zn、Cu找矿远景找矿远景区、苏约克Ni、Co、Cr找矿远景区和阿依浪苏阿舒别勒Ni、Co、Cr找矿远景区,为该区下一步找矿工作指明了方向。  相似文献   

泰国湾表层沉积物陆源碎屑的粒度特征及其展现的沉积动力环境     

冯铄  刘志飞  Penjai SOMPONGCHAIYAKUL  林宝治  Martin G. WIESNER 《地学前缘》2022,29(4):211-220

海洋碎屑沉积物的粒度特征是海底沉积动力环境的直接体现,是用来研究海洋动力环境变化的重要手段,尤其是陆架海底表层沉积物的粒度分布,对于研究沿岸和水柱底边界层现今海洋动力环境可起到重要作用。该项研究通过调查遍布泰国湾至湄公河口海底表层沉积物陆源碎屑的粒度分布特征,以期获得影响现今特定海域沉积作用的海洋动力环境过程。粒度分析的结果显示,泰国湾表层沉积物的陆源碎屑以细砂-细粉砂为主,分选总体较差,频率分布以正偏为主。其中,细砂-极细砂组分主要分布在曼谷湾和柬埔寨沿岸。湄公河岸外沉积物为细砂,且分选比泰国湾区域的沉积物要好。这些表层沉积物的粒度特征具有良好的环境变化指示作用。湄公河岸外分选较好、近于正态分布的中砂沉积物指示了波浪作用下的沉积环境。曼谷湾和柬埔寨沿岸分选较差的中砂-细砂粗粒沉积物反映了潮汐和波浪的共同作用;泰国湾东西沿岸区域分选中等、呈正偏态的极细砂-中粉砂沉积物体现了潮汐的控制作用;而泰国湾中部分选较差的沉积物则指示了表层洋流作用。研究表明,泰国湾和湄公河岸外表层沉积物陆源碎屑的粒度分布特征可用于区分不同海洋动力因素的控制作用,揭示出泰国湾的沉积动力环境主要受潮汐、波浪和洋流的共同影响,湄公河岸外的沉积动力环境主要受波浪的影响。  相似文献   

巴布亚湾两期前陆盆地叠置结构及其形成演化          下载免费PDF全文

王德良  梅廉夫  胡孝林  杨松岭  吴路路  刘昭茜  杨焓  苏珈毅 《地球科学》2021,46(2):405-417

巴布亚湾受澳大利亚板块与太平洋板块高速斜向汇聚的控制,经历了复杂的中、新生代构造演化.前人对巴布亚湾盆地结构构造特征的研究多是局部的、分散的,关于盆地的形成时间和动力学机制仍存在争议.利用覆盖全盆的钻井约束的高精度2D、3D地震资料,精细地刻画了盆地的结构和构造特征,揭示了巴布亚湾发育潘多拉和奥雷两期叠置的前陆盆地.潘多拉前陆盆地是形成于渐新世不整合面之上的晚渐新世-中中新世微型前陆盆地,走向为NNE.奥雷前陆盆地是发育在复杂的裂谷边缘之上的早中新世-现今的周缘前陆盆地,沿着弧形的巴布亚半岛延伸480 km;盆地走向在148°E发生转变,由西部的NW向转为东部的近EW向.潘多拉微前陆盆地被奥雷前陆盆地向南逐渐超覆的沉积地层覆盖,两个前陆盆地走向相互垂直,垂向上形成叠置结构.阐明了巴布亚湾新生代经历三期挤压事件及两期叠置的前陆盆地的形成演化,解决了盆地结构及区域构造演化认识的不足,理清了复杂陆缘环境从伸展到挤压多期构造事件的时序及动力学机制,为澳大利亚板块北缘的板块构造重建提供了盆内证据.   相似文献   

Extenuating the parameters using HEC-HMS hydrological model for ungauged catchment in the central Omo-Gibe Basin of Ethiopia          下载免费PDF全文

Demisse Habtamu Semunigus  Ayalew Abebe Temesgen  Ayana Melkamu Teshome  Lohani Tarun Kumar 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(4):317-325

Characteristics of ungauged catchments can be studied from the hydrological model parameters of gauged catchments. In this research, discharge prediction was carried out in ungauged catchments using HEC-HMS in the central Omo-Gibe basin. Linear regression, spatial proximity, area ratio, and sub-basin mean were amalgamated for regionalization. The regional model parameters of the gauged catchment and physical characteristics of ungauged catchments were collated together to develop the equations to predict discharge from ungauged catchments. From the sensitivity analysis, crop coefficient (CC), storage coefficient (R), constant rate (CR), and time of concentration (TC) are found to be more sensitive than others. The model efficiency was evaluated using Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (N_SE) which was greater than 0.75, varying between ?10% and +10% and the coefficient of determination (R²) was approximated to be 0.8 during the calibration and validation period. The model parameters in ungauged catchments were determined using the regional model (linear regression), sub-basin mean, area ratio, and spatial proximity methods, and the discharge was simulated using the HEC-HMS model. Linear regression was used in the prediction where p-value ≤ 0.1, determination coefficient (R²) = 0.91 for crop coefficient (CC) and 0.99 for maximum deficit (MD). Constant rate (CR), maximum storage (MS), initial storage (IS), storage coefficient (R), and time of concentration (TC) were obtained. The result is that an average of 30 m³/s and 15 m³/s as the maximum monthly simulated flow for ungauged sub-catchments, i.e. Denchiya and Mansa of the main river basin .  相似文献   

辽宁金杖子地区水系沉积物地球化学特征          下载免费PDF全文

秦丹鹤  李昊璐  王志民  刘博  黄晨承 《地质找矿论丛》2023,38(2):225-230

金杖子地区位于冀东-辽西金成矿带,区内矿产资源丰富,成矿地质条件优越。本文在1∶25000水系沉积物测量工作的基础上,结合该区地质特征和成矿地质条件,对该地区10种元素的地球化学特征、离散程度及综合异常特征进行研究,圈定综合异常3处,为进一步的地质勘查工作提供了依据。  相似文献   

广西北部湾海域球形棕囊藻囊体时空分布及其影响因素     

贺成  宋书群  李才文 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(3):630-643

为揭示广西北部湾海域球形棕囊藻囊体的时空分布特征,探讨其与水体环境因素的关系,于2016年12月至2017年6月对该海域29个站位进行了6次综合调查。结果表明,调查海域球形棕囊藻囊体丰度介于0—4.09×10~4col/m~3,12月至次年3月囊体丰度较高;西南深水区域囊体丰度呈现逐月递减趋势,而广西和雷州半岛近岸海域囊体丰度呈现先升高再降低的趋势。相关性分析显示该海域囊体丰度与水温、磷酸盐和硅酸盐浓度呈显著负相关(P0.01);与叶绿素a浓度、溶解氧呈显著正相关(P0.01);在局部区域与盐度呈显著正相关(P0.01),与硝酸盐浓度呈显著负相关(P0.01)。典型站位分析结果显示球形棕囊藻囊体丰度的变化趋势与其他浮游植物的相同,而与群落多样性指数的变化趋势相反。球形棕囊藻囊体的时空分布主要取决于环境条件的变化,也会受到其他浮游植物群落结构改变的影响。  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic Tidal Model of the Persian Gulf Based on Spatially Variable Bed Friction Coefficient     

Mostafa Sohrabi Athar  Alireza A. Ardalan  Roohollah Karimi 《Marine Geodesy》2019,42(1):25-45

The aim of this study is to develop a two-dimensional hydrodynamic tidal model for the Persian Gulf (PG2017) using 2D-MIKE21 software. The advantages of present study is accounting for the spatial variation of bed friction coefficient besides a precise bathymetry together with a 23-year of combined records of satellite altimetry data. We found that the bed friction coefficient has a significant effect on sea level changes in the region under our modeling consideration. Since the tidal behavior in the northern part of the Qeshm Island is significantly different from the other parts of the Persian Gulf, to present a more accurate hydrodynamic tidal model, the Gulf is divided into two regions where the bed friction coefficient is modeled separately for each region. The root mean square value of the differences between the amplitude of dominant constituents; M2, S2, K1, and O1 derived from the PG2017 model and that of 98 altimetry and coastal tide gauge stations are respectively equal to 1.6, 1.9, 2.8, and 1.3?cm. Moreover, comparing the PG2017 model efficiency with the FES2014, OSU12, EOT11a, DTU10, and Admiralty models shows that the PG2017 model has an improvement of 22.1%, 47.2%, 43.2%, 44.2%, and 57.6% in terms of relative error, respectively.  相似文献